Srimad Bhagavad Gita Shloka 1.20

Shloka 1.20

“Then, seeing the sons of Dhritarashtra arrayed, Arjuna, the monkey-bannered, took up his bow.”

Key Teaching: Arjuna prepares for battle, showing initial resolve before his crisis.

Theme: Conflict, Duty.

Description:
This verse marks the transition to Arjuna’s perspective, as he, bearing the monkey-banner (symbolizing Hanuman), takes up his bow upon seeing the Kaurava army arrayed. This action reflects Arjuna’s initial resolve as a warrior, ready to engage in battle, before his moral and emotional crisis emerges (1.28–46). The verse emphasizes conflict, as the war’s physical preparation intensifies, and duty, as Arjuna begins to fulfill his Kshatriya role.

In the Mahabharata, Arjuna, one of the greatest archers, is a central Pandava figure, and his monkey-banner signifies divine support (Hanuman, an ally from the Ramayana). His act of taking up his bow responds to the Kauravas’ war signals (1.12–13) and the Pandavas’ counter-signals (1.14–19), marking the war’s imminent start. This moment contrasts with Duryodhana’s strategic focus (1.3–11), highlighting Arjuna’s readiness before doubt overtakes him.

Philosophically, this verse captures the human tendency to act decisively in conflict, a mindset Krishna later refines with teachings on selfless action (2.47). Arjuna’s initial resolve reflects his warrior dharma, but his impending crisis (1.28–46) reveals the complexity of duty when faced with personal ties. The theme of conflict sets the stage for the Gita’s exploration of balancing duty with compassion.

Sanjaya’s objective narration frames Arjuna’s action, ensuring an impartial perspective on the war’s escalation. This verse serves as a metaphor for life’s challenges, where initial determination must be tempered with wisdom to navigate moral dilemmas. Arjuna’s bow-taking marks a critical moment, leading to his confrontation with the reality of fighting kin, which prompts Krishna’s teachings.