Srimad Bhagavad Gita Shloka 13.20

“Know that prakriti and purusha are both beginningless; their modifications and gunas arise from prakriti.”
Key Teaching: Prakriti and purusha are eternal; modifications arise from prakriti.
Theme: Guidance, Jnana Yoga, Moksha Sannyasa Yoga.
Description:
Krishna explains that prakriti (nature) and purusha (spirit) are beginningless, with modifications and gunas arising from prakriti. This verse, continuing 13.19, addresses Arjuna’s quest (2.9). The themes of guidance, as Krishna clarifies metaphysics, Jnana Yoga, as he emphasizes discernment, and Moksha Sannyasa Yoga, as he points to liberation, are central.

In the Mahabharata, Arjuna’s inquiry (1.28–46) aligns with understanding prakriti and purusha, contrasting Duryodhana’s materialism (1.3–11). The teaching aligns with Jnana Yoga (7.4), detailing prakriti’s role, and builds on the knowable (13.19). Krishna clarifies their eternal nature.

Philosophically, the verse distinguishes prakriti and purusha, a theme refined with teachings on the self (2.20). Arjuna’s path is clarified by discerning their roles. The Gita’s focus on Moksha Sannyasa Yoga underscores liberation through knowledge. The verse connects to teachings on prakriti (7.4).

Sanjaya’s narration ensures objective clarity. This verse serves as a metaphor for life’s duality, where prakriti binds and purusha liberates. Krishna’s teaching prepares readers to discern eternity, aligning with moksha. The distinction resonates with Arjuna’s metaphysical quest.