Srimad Bhagavad Gita Shloka 14.21

“Arjuna said: What are the marks of one who has transcended the three gunas? How does he act? How does he go beyond them?”
Key Teaching: Arjuna asks about the traits, behavior, and method of transcending gunas.
Theme: Guidance, Dharma, Guna Traya Vibhaga Yoga, Jnana Yoga.
Description:
Arjuna asks Krishna about the characteristics, behavior, and method of one who has transcended the three gunas. This verse, continuing 14.20, reflects Arjuna’s quest for clarity (2.9, 13.1). The themes of guidance, as Krishna is questioned, dharma, as Arjuna seeks the right path, Guna Traya Vibhaga Yoga, as he explores transcendence, and Jnana Yoga, as he seeks wisdom, are central.

In the Mahabharata, Arjuna’s inquiry (1.28–46) contrasts with Duryodhana’s ignorance (1.3–11). His question supports his Kshatriya duty, aligning with Karma Yoga (2.47) and Jnana Yoga (13.23), seeking liberation’s path.

Philosophically, this verse addresses the human desire to understand transcendence, a theme Krishna refines with teachings on liberation (14.20). Arjuna’s inquiry prepares for Krishna’s guidance on transcending gunas. The themes of Guna Traya Vibhaga Yoga and Jnana Yoga underscore the Gita’s focus on wisdom for liberation.

Sanjaya’s narration frames Arjuna’s question objectively, emphasizing its practical clarity. This verse serves as a metaphor for life’s quest for freedom, where Krishna’s answers guide transcendence. Krishna’s response prepares readers for performing duty with divine understanding, aligning with liberation.