Srimad Bhagavad Gita Shloka 18.13

“Learn from Me, O mightyarmed, these five causes for the accomplishment of all actions, as declared in the Sankhya system.”
Key Teaching: Krishna introduces five causes of action per Sankhya philosophy.
Theme: Guidance, Dharma, Moksha Sannyasa Yoga, Jnana Yoga, Karma Yoga.
Description:
Krishna asks Arjuna to learn the five causes of action, as per Sankhya philosophy, for accomplishing all actions. This verse, continuing 18.12, addresses Arjuna’s quest for understanding (2.9, 13.1, 18.1). The themes of guidance, as Krishna introduces Sankhya, dharma, as he supports Arjuna’s duty, Moksha Sannyasa Yoga, as he explains action’s nature, Jnana Yoga, as he emphasizes wisdom, and Karma Yoga, as he addresses action, are central.

In the Mahabharata, Arjuna’s inquiry (1.28–46) contrasts with Duryodhana’s ignorance (1.3–11). This teaching aligns with Karma Yoga (2.47) and Jnana Yoga (13.24), introducing Sankhya’s analytical approach. Krishna builds on teachings about action’s nature (3.27, 13.21), preparing to dissect action’s causes.

Philosophically, this verse introduces Sankhya’s framework, a theme Krishna refines with teachings on causality (13.21). Arjuna’s understanding is deepened by analyzing action’s roots. The themes of Moksha Sannyasa Yoga and Jnana Yoga underscore the Gita’s focus on wise action for liberation.

Sanjaya’s narration frames Krishna’s words objectively, emphasizing their analytical clarity. This verse serves as a metaphor for life’s causality, where understanding action liberates. Krishna’s teaching prepares readers to perform duties with divine wisdom, aligning with liberation.