Srimad Bhagavad Gita Shloka 18.15

“Whatever action a man performs with body, speech, or mind, whether right or wrong, these five are its causes.”
Key Teaching: All actions, right or wrong, stem from the five causes.
Theme: Guidance, Dharma, Moksha Sannyasa Yoga, Jnana Yoga, Karma Yoga.
Description:
Krishna states that all actions—whether right or wrong, performed by body, speech, or mind—are caused by the five factors (body, doer, instruments, functions, destiny). This verse, continuing 18.14, addresses Arjuna’s quest for understanding (2.9, 13.1, 18.1). The themes of guidance, as Krishna elaborates action’s causes, dharma, as he supports Arjuna’s duty, Moksha Sannyasa Yoga, as he dissects action, Jnana Yoga, as he emphasizes wisdom, and Karma Yoga, as he addresses action, are central.

In the Mahabharata, Arjuna’s actions (1.28–46) contrast with Duryodhana’s misdeeds (1.3–11). This teaching aligns with Karma Yoga (2.47) and Jnana Yoga (13.21), linking all actions to Sankhya’s causes. Krishna builds on causality teachings (13.21), emphasizing universal applicability.

Philosophically, this verse universalizes action’s causes, a theme Krishna refines with teachings on karma (3.27). Arjuna’s understanding is deepened by analyzing action’s roots. The themes of Moksha Sannyasa Yoga and Jnana Yoga underscore the Gita’s focus on wise action for liberation.

Sanjaya’s narration frames Krishna’s words objectively, emphasizing their universal clarity. This verse serves as a metaphor for life’s actions, where causes govern outcomes. Krishna’s teaching prepares readers to perform duties with divine understanding, aligning with liberation.