Srimad Bhagavad Gita Shloka 18.19

“Knowledge, action, and agent are said to be threefold according to gunas in the science of gunas; hear of them also.”
Key Teaching: Knowledge, action, and agent vary by gunas (sattva, rajas, tamas).
Theme: Guidance, Dharma, Moksha Sannyasa Yoga, Jnana Yoga, Karma Yoga.
Description:
Krishna states that knowledge, action, and the agent are threefold, varying by gunas, as per the science of gunas, and asks Arjuna to hear about them. This verse, continuing 18.18, addresses Arjuna’s quest for understanding (2.9, 13.1, 18.1). The themes of guidance, as Krishna introduces gunas’ influence, dharma, as he supports Arjuna’s duty, Moksha Sannyasa Yoga, as he analyzes action, Jnana Yoga, as he emphasizes wisdom, and Karma Yoga, as he addresses action, are central.

In the Mahabharata, Arjuna’s sattvic nature (1.28–46) contrasts with Duryodhana’s tamasic traits (1.3–11). This teaching aligns with Karma Yoga (2.47) and Jnana Yoga (14.5), analyzing gunas’ impact. Krishna builds on gunas teachings (14.5, 17.3), preparing to detail their effects.

Philosophically, this verse introduces gunas’ role, a theme Krishna refines with teachings on gunas (14.5). Arjuna’s understanding is deepened by analyzing action’s qualities. The themes of Moksha Sannyasa Yoga and Jnana Yoga underscore the Gita’s focus on wise action for liberation.

Sanjaya’s narration frames Krishna’s words objectively, emphasizing their analytical clarity. This verse serves as a metaphor for life’s qualities, where gunas shape actions. Krishna’s teaching prepares readers to perform duties with divine wisdom, aligning with liberation.