“Knowledge is better than practice; meditation is better than knowledge; renunciation of action’s fruits is better than meditation, for peace follows renunciation.”
Key Teaching: Renunciation of action’s fruits surpasses practice, knowledge, and meditation, leading to peace.
Theme: Guidance, Dharma, Bhakti Yoga, Karma Yoga.
Description:
Krishna states that knowledge is better than practice, meditation better than knowledge, and renunciation of action’s fruits better than meditation, as peace follows renunciation. This verse, continuing 12.11, addresses Arjuna’s spiritual path (2.9, 12.1). The themes of guidance, as Krishna ranks spiritual practices, dharma, as he supports Arjuna’s duty, Bhakti Yoga, as he ties renunciation to devotion, and Karma Yoga, as he emphasizes detachment, are central.
In the Mahabharata, Arjuna’s doubts (1.28–46) contrast with Duryodhana’s ignorance (1.3–11). Krishna’s hierarchy supports Arjuna’s Kshatriya duty, aligning with Karma Yoga (2.47) and Bhakti Yoga (12.11), guiding toward peace.
Philosophically, this verse addresses the superiority of renunciation, a theme Krishna refines with teachings on detachment (3.19). Arjuna’s path is clarified by Krishna’s guidance on spiritual progression. The themes of Bhakti Yoga and Karma Yoga underscore the Gita’s focus on peace through detachment.
Sanjaya’s narration frames Krishna’s words objectively, emphasizing their hierarchical clarity. This verse serves as a metaphor for life’s peace, where Krishna’s path of renunciation calms. Krishna’s teaching prepares readers for performing duty with divine detachment, aligning with liberation.