Shloka 3.9: “The world is bound by actions except those done as sacrifice; perform action as sacrifice, free from attachment.”
Key Teaching: Actions bind unless performed as sacrifice without attachment.
Theme: Guidance, Dharma, Karma Yoga.
Description:
Krishna teaches that actions, except those performed as sacrifice, bind the world, urging Arjuna to act as sacrifice without attachment. This verse, building on 3.7–8, addresses Arjuna’s hesitation (2.9). The themes of guidance, as Krishna instructs, dharma, as he clarifies duty, and Karma Yoga, as he emphasizes sacrificial action, are central.
In the Mahabharata, Arjuna’s fear of karmic consequences (1.28–46) reflects attachment. Krishna’s teaching contrasts with Duryodhana’s selfinterested action (1.3–11), urging Arjuna to fight as a sacrificial act for dharma, aligning with Karma Yoga (2.47).
Philosophically, this verse addresses the human bondage through attached actions, a theme Krishna refines with teachings on selfless duty. Arjuna’s reluctance complicates his dharma, necessitating Krishna’s guidance to act as sacrifice. The theme of Karma Yoga underscores the Gita’s focus on liberating action.
Sanjaya’s narration frames Krishna’s teaching objectively, emphasizing its spiritual depth. This verse serves as a metaphor for life’s actions, where sacrificial duty frees one. Krishna’s teaching prepares readers for performing duty as sacrifice, aligning with spiritual liberation.
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