Shloka 4.21
“Free from desire, with mind and selfcontrolled, renouncing possessions, one acting physically is not tainted.”
Key Teaching: Desireless action with selfcontrol avoids karmic taint.
Theme: Guidance, Dharma, Jnana Yoga.
Description:
Krishna explains that one free from desire, with controlled mind and self, renouncing possessions, performs physical actions without karmic taint. This verse, continuing 4.20, addresses Arjuna’s fear of sin (2.9). The themes of guidance, as Krishna instructs, dharma, as he clarifies pure action, and Jnana Yoga, as he emphasizes discipline, are central.
In the Mahabharata, Arjuna’s fear of consequences (1.28–46) reflects desire. Krishna’s teaching contrasts with Duryodhana’s possessive ambition (1.3–11), urging Arjuna to fight as a Kshatriya with selfcontrol, aligning with Karma and Jnana Yoga (2.47, 3.7). Renunciation prevents karmic bondage.
Philosophically, this verse addresses the human entanglement in desire, a theme Krishna refines with teachings on discipline (2.58–61). Arjuna’s reluctance complicates his dharma, necessitating Krishna’s guidance to act without possession. The theme of Jnana Yoga underscores the Gita’s focus on pure action.
Sanjaya’s narration frames Krishna’s teaching objectively, emphasizing its practical wisdom. This verse serves as a metaphor for life’s duties, where selfcontrol ensures purity. Krishna’s teaching prepares readers for performing duty desirelessly, aligning with spiritual freedom.
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